1 FUNDAMENTAL FORCES OF CHANGE IN BANKING The Fundamental Forces of Change Increased Competition Competition for Deposits Competition for Loans Competition for Payment Services Competition for Other Bank Services Deregulation and Reregulation Financial Innovation Globalization Capital Requirements Increased Consolidation Summary 2 ANALYZING BANK PERFORMANCE Commercial Bank Financial Statements The Balance Sheet The Income Statement The Relationship between the Balance Sheet and Lncome Statement The Return on Equity Model The Uniform Bank Performance Report Profitability Analysis Expense Ratio and Asset Utilization Banking Risks and Returns: The Profitabiiify, Liquidity, and Solvency Trade-Off Credit Risk Liquidity Risk Market Risk Operating Risk Legal Reputation Risk Capital or Solvency Risk Maximizing the Market Value of Bank Equity Evaluating Bank Performance: An Application PNC's Profitability and Risk versus Peers in 2001 PNC's Profitability versus Risk: 1993-2001 CAMELS Ratings Performance Characteristics of Different-sized Banks Financial Statement Manipulation Preferred Stock Nonperforming Loans Securities Gains and Losses Nonrecurring Sales of Assets Summary 3 MANAGING NONINTEREST INCOME AND NONINTEREST EXPENSE Common Financial Ratios of Expense Control and Noninterest Income Growth Noninterest Income Noninterest Expense Key Ratios Operating Risk Ratio Customer Profitability and Business Mix Which Customers Are Profitable? What Is the Appropriate Business Mix? Strategies to Manage Noninterest Expense Cost Management Strategies Summary 4 MANAGING INTEREST RATE RISK: GAP AND EARNINGS SENSITIVITY Measuring Interest Rate Risk with GAP Traditional Static GAP Analysis What Determines Rate Sensitivity? Factors Affecting Net Interest Income Changes in the Level of Interest Rates Changes in the Relationship between Sh0rt-Term Asset Yields and Liability Costs Changes in Volume Changes in Portfolio Composition Rate, Volume, and Mix Analysis Rate-Sensitivity Reports Strengths and Weaknesses: Static GAP Analysis Link between GAP and Net Interest Margin Earnings Sensitivity Analysis Exercise of Embedded Options in Assets and Liabilities Different Interest Rates Change by Different Amounts at ……