1,Microemulsions
2,Pyrolysis
3,Forced Hydrolysis and Chemical Co-precipitation
4,Sol-gel Processing
5,Chemical Vapor Deposition
6,Aerosol Mehtods
7,Physical Vapor Deposition
8,Synthesisi of Nanocrystalline Materials by Laser Ablation
9,Nanostructured Films and Coating by Evaporation,Sputtering,Thermal Spraying,Electro-and Electroless
10,Artificial Patterning of Nanostructures
11,Ion Implantation