中西双方的学习和影响历来就是双向的互动,叶胜年编写的这本《中西
文化比较教程》通过对中西文化进行比较。有助于读者广泛、深刻地理解双
方文化的本质及精髓。
《中西文化比较教程》共分九章,囊括哲学思想、文学艺术以及语言与
科技文化等中西文化比较内容。
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
1.1 Motivations and grounds for making comparative studies
1.2 The essentials of comparative culture in the present book
1.2.1 The leading role of ideology
1.2.2 Literature and art as part of cultural tradition
1.2.3 A variety of cultural subjects
1.3 Gap yet to be bridged
CHAPTER2 A Comparison of Ancient Chinese and Western Ph

中西双方的学习和影响历来就是双向的互动,叶胜年编写的这本《中西
文化比较教程》通过对中西文化进行比较。有助于读者广泛、深刻地理解双
方文化的本质及精髓。
《中西文化比较教程》共分九章,囊括哲学思想、文学艺术以及语言与
科技文化等中西文化比较内容。
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
1.1 Motivations and grounds for making comparative studies
1.2 The essentials of comparative culture in the present book
1.2.1 The leading role of ideology
1.2.2 Literature and art as part of cultural tradition
1.2.3 A variety of cultural subjects
1.3 Gap yet to be bridged
CHAPTER2 A Comparison of Ancient Chinese and Western Philosophies
2.1 A survey of ancient Chinese philosophy
2.1.1 Confucianism
2.1.2 Taoism
2.1.3 Legalism
2.1.4 Mohism
2.2 A survey of ancient Western philosophy
2.2.1 The inception of Western philosophy
2.2.2 The representative figures or schools
2.3 Comparative comments
2.3.1 Economic.political and intellectual circumstances
2.3.2 Philosophical and academic ideas
2.4 A case study
2.4.1 Setting for the birth of Confucius and Socrates' ideologies ...
2.4.2 Personal and academic experiences
2.4.3 Religious faith
2.4.4 Political views
2.4.5 Philosophical and cognitive issues
2.4.6 Ethical ideas
CHAPTER 3 A Comparison of Middle-Age Chinese and Western Philosophies
3.1 Social and intellectual background
3.2 Chinese representative philosophies
3.2.1 Fan Zhen
3.2.2 Zhu Xi
3.2.3 Wang Shouren
3.3 Western representative philosophies
3.3.1 Neoplatonism
3.3.2 Scholasticism
3.3.3 The Christian Reformation and Martin Luther
3.4 Comparative comments
3.4.1 The establishment and defence of the orthodox ideology
3.4.2 Historical reasons behind the faiths
3.4.3 The view of Confucianism and Christianity
3.4.4 Influence on the attitude towards nature and learning
3.4.5 Mysterious and religious factors within the ideological tendency
3.5 A case study
3.5.1 Motivation for scholarly modifications
3.5.2 Epistemology and metaphysics
3.5.3 Ethical principles
3.5.4 Political.social and intellectual concerns
CHAPTER 4 A Comparison of Modern Chinese and Western Philosophies
4.1 Social and intellectual scene for modern philosophy
4.2 The Chinese representative thinkers
4.2.1 Wang Fuzhi
4.2.2 Gong Zizhen
4.2.3 Kang Youwei
4.2.4 Sun Yatsen
4.3 The development of modern Western philosophy and its representative figures
4.3.1 The Renaissance: F. Bacon and T. Hobbes
4.3.2 Empiricism and J. Locke
4.3.3 J. Rousseau and the French Revolution
4.3.4 J. Mill.F. Nietzsche and the dawn of the new era 2
4.4 Comparative comments
4.4.1 Social and intellectual conditions
4.4.2 Contribution to social progress
4.4.3 Philosophical and social significances in theoretical exploration
4.4.4 Critical spirit
4.4.5 The range and depth of intellectual influence
4.5 A case study
4.5.1 A reflection on social change
4.5.2 Strong sense of critical spirit
4.5.3 Social and intellectual analyses
4.5.4 Political significance in academic study
CHAPTER 5 A Comparison of the Chinese and English Languages
5.1 The origin and development of the Chinese and English languages
5.1.1 The development of the Chinese language
5.1.2 The development of the English language
5.2 The main features of the Chinese language
5.2.1 The ideographic language in general
5.2.2 Flexibility in sentence structure
5.2.3 Sense of tense and inflection
5.2.4 Elliptical elements
5.2.5 Chinese as a tonal language
5.2.6 Chinese pronunciation
5.2.7 Chinese vocabulary
5.2.8 Chinese grammar
5.3 The main features of the English language
5.3.1 Shape-and-inflection structure
5.3.2 Sound-identified language
5.3.3 Accent as the sign for differentiation in meaning or part of speech
5.3.4 The constitution of a variety of rhyme and rhythm
5.3.5 The expansion of vocabulary by borrowing from other languages
5.3.6 Varieties of English established in the modern age
5.4 Comparative comments
5.4.1 The origin of the two languages
5.4.2 Diverse linguistic applications and features
5.4.3 Historical changes in language form
5.4.4 Psychological and aesthetic effects of the two languages
5.4.5 External influences
5.4.6 Academic study
CHAPTER 6 A Comparison of Chinese and Western Poetry
6.1 An account of the development of Chinese and Western poetry
6.1.1 The story of Chinese poetry
6.1.2 The story of Western poetry
6.2 Central concerns in Chinese and Western poetry
6.2.1 Political issues
6.2.2 Social concerns
6.2.3 Personal concerns
6.3 Aesthetic sense in poetic production
6.3.1 Emotional touches on various occasions
6.3.2 Awareness of natural charm
6.3.3 Philosophical meditations
6.3.4 Imagination
6.3.5 Cultural taste
6.3.6 Social satire
6.4 Poetic form
6.4.1 Sound pattern
6.4.2 Imagery
6.5 A case study
CHAPTER 7 A Comparison of Chinese and Western Fictions
7.1 Historical development of Chinese and Western fictions
7.1.1 An account of fiction development in China
7.1.2 An account of Western fiction development
7.2 General sense of fiction as a literary genre
7.2.1 Story development in early fiction
7.2.2 Historical aspect of fiction
7.2.3 Moral value of fiction
7.2.4 Social significance of fiction
7.2.5 "Preparation for modern fiction
7.3 Central concern and subject matter
7.3.1 Historical and political concerns
7.3.2 Social convention
7.3.3 Love romance
7.3.4 Myth and supernatural tales
7.4 Writing methods
7.4.1 Language features
7.4.2 Narrative structure and perspective
7.4.3 Characterization and psychological writing
7.4.4 The use of imagery and other rhetorical devices
7.4.5 Satirical and.~ critical tone
7.5 Case studies
7.5.1 A comparative study of sanoguo-yan-yi and War and Peace
7.5.2 A comparative study of hong-lou-meng and The Sound and the Fury
CHAPTER 8 A Comparison of Chinese and Western
Paintings
8.1 The development and main features of Chinese painting
8.1.1 Beginning of Chinese painting and its early development
8.1.2 Vigour and variety of Chinese painting in the middle period
8.1.3 The signs of change in the modern Chinese painting
8.2 The origin and development of Western painting
8.2.1 The initial stage of Western painting
8.2.2 Vigorous growth in Western painting since the Renaissance
8.2.3 The dawn of the modern painting and modernist achievement
8.3 Comparative comments
8.3.1 The origin and development of paintings
8.3.2 Form and style of paintings
8.3.3 Subject and object
8.3.4 Practice and theory
8.3.5 Tradition and experiment
CHAPTER 9 A Comparison of Science between China and the West
9.1 A survey of Chinese scientific development
9.1.1 The early achievement in Chinese maths and astronomy
9.1.2 Contributions of Chinese earth science and medicine
9.1.3 Scientific records in Chinese agriculture
9.1.4 Chinese early inventions in comparison with those of the West
9.2 A survey of Western scientific development
9.2.1 The birth of Western science and its early development
9.2.2 Western scientific development in the Middle Ages
9.2.3 The awakening of the Western sense of science on the threshold of
the modern age
9.2.4 Western science in the modern age
9.3 Comparative comments
9.3.1 Initiation of science from mathematics
9.3.2 Part-time engagement with scientific research
9.3.3 Close relation between science and practice
9.3.4 Dependence of science on economy and other developments
9.3.5 Intellectual and rational influences
9.3.6 Practical effects and social status
Epilogue
Chronological Table of Major Chinese and Western Cultural Events/Figures
Bibliography

中西双方的学习和影响历来就是双向的互动,叶胜年编写的这本《中西
文化比较教程》通过对中西文化进行比较。有助于读者广泛、深刻地理解双
方文化的本质及精髓。
《中西文化比较教程》共分九章,囊括哲学思想、文学艺术以及语言与
科技文化等中西文化比较内容。
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
1.1 Motivations and grounds for making comparative studies
1.2 The essentials of comparative culture in the present book
1.2.1 The leading role of ideology
1.2.2 Literature and art as part of cultural tradition
1.2.3 A variety of cultural subjects
1.3 Gap yet to be bridged
CHAPTER2 A Comparison of Ancient Chinese and Western Philosophies
2.1 A survey of ancient Chinese philosophy
2.1.1 Confucianism
2.1.2 Taoism
2.1.3 Legalism
2.1.4 Mohism
2.2 A survey of ancient Western philosophy
2.2.1 The inception of Western philosophy
2.2.2 The representative figures or schools
2.3 Comparative comments
2.3.1 Economic.political and intellectual circumstances
2.3.2 Philosophical and academic ideas
2.4 A case study
2.4.1 Setting for the birth of Confucius and Socrates' ideologies ...
2.4.2 Personal and academic experiences
2.4.3 Religious faith
2.4.4 Political views
2.4.5 Philosophical and cognitive issues
2.4.6 Ethical ideas
CHAPTER 3 A Comparison of Middle-Age Chinese and Western Philosophies
3.1 Social and intellectual background
3.2 Chinese representative philosophies
3.2.1 Fan Zhen
3.2.2 Zhu Xi
3.2.3 Wang Shouren
3.3 Western representative philosophies
3.3.1 Neoplatonism
3.3.2 Scholasticism
3.3.3 The Christian Reformation and Martin Luther
3.4 Comparative comments
3.4.1 The establishment and defence of the orthodox ideology
3.4.2 Historical reasons behind the faiths
3.4.3 The view of Confucianism and Christianity
3.4.4 Influence on the attitude towards nature and learning
3.4.5 Mysterious and religious factors within the ideological tendency
3.5 A case study
3.5.1 Motivation for scholarly modifications
3.5.2 Epistemology and metaphysics
3.5.3 Ethical principles
3.5.4 Political.social and intellectual concerns
CHAPTER 4 A Comparison of Modern Chinese and Western Philosophies
4.1 Social and intellectual scene for modern philosophy
4.2 The Chinese representative thinkers
4.2.1 Wang Fuzhi
4.2.2 Gong Zizhen
4.2.3 Kang Youwei
4.2.4 Sun Yatsen
4.3 The development of modern Western philosophy and its representative figures
4.3.1 The Renaissance: F. Bacon and T. Hobbes
4.3.2 Empiricism and J. Locke
4.3.3 J. Rousseau and the French Revolution
4.3.4 J. Mill.F. Nietzsche and the dawn of the new era 2
4.4 Comparative comments
4.4.1 Social and intellectual conditions
4.4.2 Contribution to social progress
4.4.3 Philosophical and social significances in theoretical exploration
4.4.4 Critical spirit
4.4.5 The range and depth of intellectual influence
4.5 A case study
4.5.1 A reflection on social change
4.5.2 Strong sense of critical spirit
4.5.3 Social and intellectual analyses
4.5.4 Political significance in academic study
CHAPTER 5 A Comparison of the Chinese and English Languages
5.1 The origin and development of the Chinese and English languages
5.1.1 The development of the Chinese language
5.1.2 The development of the English language
5.2 The main features of the Chinese language
5.2.1 The ideographic language in general
5.2.2 Flexibility in sentence structure
5.2.3 Sense of tense and inflection
5.2.4 Elliptical elements
5.2.5 Chinese as a tonal language
5.2.6 Chinese pronunciation
5.2.7 Chinese vocabulary
5.2.8 Chinese grammar
5.3 The main features of the English language
5.3.1 Shape-and-inflection structure
5.3.2 Sound-identified language
5.3.3 Accent as the sign for differentiation in meaning or part of speech
5.3.4 The constitution of a variety of rhyme and rhythm
5.3.5 The expansion of vocabulary by borrowing from other languages
5.3.6 Varieties of English established in the modern age
5.4 Comparative comments
5.4.1 The origin of the two languages
5.4.2 Diverse linguistic applications and features
5.4.3 Historical changes in language form
5.4.4 Psychological and aesthetic effects of the two languages
5.4.5 External influences
5.4.6 Academic study
CHAPTER 6 A Comparison of Chinese and Western Poetry
6.1 An account of the development of Chinese and Western poetry
6.1.1 The story of Chinese poetry
6.1.2 The story of Western poetry
6.2 Central concerns in Chinese and Western poetry
6.2.1 Political issues
6.2.2 Social concerns
6.2.3 Personal concerns
6.3 Aesthetic sense in poetic production
6.3.1 Emotional touches on various occasions
6.3.2 Awareness of natural charm
6.3.3 Philosophical meditations
6.3.4 Imagination
6.3.5 Cultural taste
6.3.6 Social satire
6.4 Poetic form
6.4.1 Sound pattern
6.4.2 Imagery
6.5 A case study
CHAPTER 7 A Comparison of Chinese and Western Fictions
7.1 Historical development of Chinese and Western fictions
7.1.1 An account of fiction development in China
7.1.2 An account of Western fiction development
7.2 General sense of fiction as a literary genre
7.2.1 Story development in early fiction
7.2.2 Historical aspect of fiction
7.2.3 Moral value of fiction
7.2.4 Social significance of fiction
7.2.5 "Preparation for modern fiction
7.3 Central concern and subject matter
7.3.1 Historical and political concerns
7.3.2 Social convention
7.3.3 Love romance
7.3.4 Myth and supernatural tales
7.4 Writing methods
7.4.1 Language features
7.4.2 Narrative structure and perspective
7.4.3 Characterization and psychological writing
7.4.4 The use of imagery and other rhetorical devices
7.4.5 Satirical and.~ critical tone
7.5 Case studies
7.5.1 A comparative study of sanoguo-yan-yi and War and Peace
7.5.2 A comparative study of hong-lou-meng and The Sound and the Fury
CHAPTER 8 A Comparison of Chinese and Western
Paintings
8.1 The development and main features of Chinese painting
8.1.1 Beginning of Chinese painting and its early development
8.1.2 Vigour and variety of Chinese painting in the middle period
8.1.3 The signs of change in the modern Chinese painting
8.2 The origin and development of Western painting
8.2.1 The initial stage of Western painting
8.2.2 Vigorous growth in Western painting since the Renaissance
8.2.3 The dawn of the modern painting and modernist achievement
8.3 Comparative comments
8.3.1 The origin and development of paintings
8.3.2 Form and style of paintings
8.3.3 Subject and object
8.3.4 Practice and theory
8.3.5 Tradition and experiment
CHAPTER 9 A Comparison of Science between China and the West
9.1 A survey of Chinese scientific development
9.1.1 The early achievement in Chinese maths and astronomy
9.1.2 Contributions of Chinese earth science and medicine
9.1.3 Scientific records in Chinese agriculture
9.1.4 Chinese early inventions in comparison with those of the West
9.2 A survey of Western scientific development
9.2.1 The birth of Western science and its early development
9.2.2 Western scientific development in the Middle Ages
9.2.3 The awakening of the Western sense of science on the threshold of
the modern age
9.2.4 Western science in the modern age
9.3 Comparative comments
9.3.1 Initiation of science from mathematics
9.3.2 Part-time engagement with scientific research
9.3.3 Close relation between science and practice
9.3.4 Dependence of science on economy and other developments
9.3.5 Intellectual and rational influences
9.3.6 Practical effects and social status
Epilogue
Chronological Table of Major Chinese and Western Cultural Events/Figures
Bibliography

中西双方的学习和影响历来就是双向的互动,叶胜年编写的这本《中西
文化比较教程》通过对中西文化进行比较。有助于读者广泛、深刻地理解双
方文化的本质及精髓。
《中西文化比较教程》共分九章,囊括哲学思想、文学艺术以及语言与
科技文化等中西文化比较内容。
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
1.1 Motivations and grounds for making comparative studies
1.2 The essentials of comparative culture in the present book
1.2.1 The leading role of ideology
1.2.2 Literature and art as part of cultural tradition
1.2.3 A variety of cultural subjects
1.3 Gap yet to be bridged
CHAPTER2 A Comparison of Ancient Chinese and Western Philosophies
2.1 A survey of ancient Chinese philosophy
2.1.1 Confucianism
2.1.2 Taoism
2.1.3 Legalism
2.1.4 Mohism
2.2 A survey of ancient Western philosophy
2.2.1 The inception of Western philosophy
2.2.2 The representative figures or schools
2.3 Comparative comments
2.3.1 Economic.political and intellectual circumstances
2.3.2 Philosophical and academic ideas
2.4 A case study
2.4.1 Setting for the birth of Confucius and Socrates' ideologies ...
2.4.2 Personal and academic experiences
2.4.3 Religious faith
2.4.4 Political views
2.4.5 Philosophical and cognitive issues
2.4.6 Ethical ideas
CHAPTER 3 A Comparison of Middle-Age Chinese and Western Philosophies
3.1 Social and intellectual background
3.2 Chinese representative philosophies
3.2.1 Fan Zhen
3.2.2 Zhu Xi
3.2.3 Wang Shouren
3.3 Western representative philosophies
3.3.1 Neoplatonism
3.3.2 Scholasticism
3.3.3 The Christian Reformation and Martin Luther
3.4 Comparative comments
3.4.1 The establishment and defence of the orthodox ideology
3.4.2 Historical reasons behind the faiths
3.4.3 The view of Confucianism and Christianity
3.4.4 Influence on the attitude towards nature and learning
3.4.5 Mysterious and religious factors within the ideological tendency
3.5 A case study
3.5.1 Motivation for scholarly modifications
3.5.2 Epistemology and metaphysics
3.5.3 Ethical principles
3.5.4 Political.social and intellectual concerns
CHAPTER 4 A Comparison of Modern Chinese and Western Philosophies
4.1 Social and intellectual scene for modern philosophy
4.2 The Chinese representative thinkers
4.2.1 Wang Fuzhi
4.2.2 Gong Zizhen
4.2.3 Kang Youwei
4.2.4 Sun Yatsen
4.3 The development of modern Western philosophy and its representative figures
4.3.1 The Renaissance: F. Bacon and T. Hobbes
4.3.2 Empiricism and J. Locke
4.3.3 J. Rousseau and the French Revolution
4.3.4 J. Mill.F. Nietzsche and the dawn of the new era 2
4.4 Comparative comments
4.4.1 Social and intellectual conditions
4.4.2 Contribution to social progress
4.4.3 Philosophical and social significances in theoretical exploration
4.4.4 Critical spirit
4.4.5 The range and depth of intellectual influence
4.5 A case study
4.5.1 A reflection on social change
4.5.2 Strong sense of critical spirit
4.5.3 Social and intellectual analyses
4.5.4 Political significance in academic study
CHAPTER 5 A Comparison of the Chinese and English Languages
5.1 The origin and development of the Chinese and English languages
5.1.1 The development of the Chinese language
5.1.2 The development of the English language
5.2 The main features of the Chinese language
5.2.1 The ideographic language in general
5.2.2 Flexibility in sentence structure
5.2.3 Sense of tense and inflection
5.2.4 Elliptical elements
5.2.5 Chinese as a tonal language
5.2.6 Chinese pronunciation
5.2.7 Chinese vocabulary
5.2.8 Chinese grammar
5.3 The main features of the English language
5.3.1 Shape-and-inflection structure
5.3.2 Sound-identified language
5.3.3 Accent as the sign for differentiation in meaning or part of speech
5.3.4 The constitution of a variety of rhyme and rhythm
5.3.5 The expansion of vocabulary by borrowing from other languages
5.3.6 Varieties of English established in the modern age
5.4 Comparative comments
5.4.1 The origin of the two languages
5.4.2 Diverse linguistic applications and features
5.4.3 Historical changes in language form
5.4.4 Psychological and aesthetic effects of the two languages
5.4.5 External influences
5.4.6 Academic study
CHAPTER 6 A Comparison of Chinese and Western Poetry
6.1 An account of the development of Chinese and Western poetry
6.1.1 The story of Chinese poetry
6.1.2 The story of Western poetry
6.2 Central concerns in Chinese and Western poetry
6.2.1 Political issues
6.2.2 Social concerns
6.2.3 Personal concerns
6.3 Aesthetic sense in poetic production
6.3.1 Emotional touches on various occasions
6.3.2 Awareness of natural charm
6.3.3 Philosophical meditations
6.3.4 Imagination
6.3.5 Cultural taste
6.3.6 Social satire
6.4 Poetic form
6.4.1 Sound pattern
6.4.2 Imagery
6.5 A case study
CHAPTER 7 A Comparison of Chinese and Western Fictions
7.1 Historical development of Chinese and Western fictions
7.1.1 An account of fiction development in China
7.1.2 An account of Western fiction development
7.2 General sense of fiction as a literary genre
7.2.1 Story development in early fiction
7.2.2 Historical aspect of fiction
7.2.3 Moral value of fiction
7.2.4 Social significance of fiction
7.2.5 "Preparation for modern fiction
7.3 Central concern and subject matter
7.3.1 Historical and political concerns
7.3.2 Social convention
7.3.3 Love romance
7.3.4 Myth and supernatural tales
7.4 Writing methods
7.4.1 Language features
7.4.2 Narrative structure and perspective
7.4.3 Characterization and psychological writing
7.4.4 The use of imagery and other rhetorical devices
7.4.5 Satirical and.~ critical tone
7.5 Case studies
7.5.1 A comparative study of sanoguo-yan-yi and War and Peace
7.5.2 A comparative study of hong-lou-meng and The Sound and the Fury
CHAPTER 8 A Comparison of Chinese and Western
Paintings
8.1 The development and main features of Chinese painting
8.1.1 Beginning of Chinese painting and its early development
8.1.2 Vigour and variety of Chinese painting in the middle period
8.1.3 The signs of change in the modern Chinese painting
8.2 The origin and development of Western painting
8.2.1 The initial stage of Western painting
8.2.2 Vigorous growth in Western painting since the Renaissance
8.2.3 The dawn of the modern painting and modernist achievement
8.3 Comparative comments
8.3.1 The origin and development of paintings
8.3.2 Form and style of paintings
8.3.3 Subject and object
8.3.4 Practice and theory
8.3.5 Tradition and experiment
CHAPTER 9 A Comparison of Science between China and the West
9.1 A survey of Chinese scientific development
9.1.1 The early achievement in Chinese maths and astronomy
9.1.2 Contributions of Chinese earth science and medicine
9.1.3 Scientific records in Chinese agriculture
9.1.4 Chinese early inventions in comparison with those of the West
9.2 A survey of Western scientific development
9.2.1 The birth of Western science and its early development
9.2.2 Western scientific development in the Middle Ages
9.2.3 The awakening of the Western sense of science on the threshold of
the modern age
9.2.4 Western science in the modern age
9.3 Comparative comments
9.3.1 Initiation of science from mathematics
9.3.2 Part-time engagement with scientific research
9.3.3 Close relation between science and practice
9.3.4 Dependence of science on economy and other developments
9.3.5 Intellectual and rational influences
9.3.6 Practical effects and social status
Epilogue
Chronological Table of Major Chinese and Western Cultural Events/Figures
Bibliography

中西双方的学习和影响历来就是双向的互动,叶胜年编写的这本《中西
文化比较教程》通过对中西文化进行比较。有助于读者广泛、深刻地理解双
方文化的本质及精髓。
《中西文化比较教程》共分九章,囊括哲学思想、文学艺术以及语言与
科技文化等中西文化比较内容。
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
1.1 Motivations and grounds for making comparative studies
1.2 The essentials of comparative culture in the present book
1.2.1 The leading role of ideology
1.2.2 Literature and art as part of cultural tradition
1.2.3 A variety of cultural subjects
1.3 Gap yet to be bridged
CHAPTER2 A Comparison of Ancient Chinese and Western Philosophies
2.1 A survey of ancient Chinese philosophy
2.1.1 Confucianism
2.1.2 Taoism
2.1.3 Legalism
2.1.4 Mohism
2.2 A survey of ancient Western philosophy
2.2.1 The inception of Western philosophy
2.2.2 The representative figures or schools
2.3 Comparative comments
2.3.1 Economic.political and intellectual circumstances
2.3.2 Philosophical and academic ideas
2.4 A case study
2.4.1 Setting for the birth of Confucius and Socrates' ideologies ...
2.4.2 Personal and academic experiences
2.4.3 Religious faith
2.4.4 Political views
2.4.5 Philosophical and cognitive issues
2.4.6 Ethical ideas
CHAPTER 3 A Comparison of Middle-Age Chinese and Western Philosophies
3.1 Social and intellectual background
3.2 Chinese representative philosophies
3.2.1 Fan Zhen
3.2.2 Zhu Xi
3.2.3 Wang Shouren
3.3 Western representative philosophies
3.3.1 Neoplatonism
3.3.2 Scholasticism
3.3.3 The Christian Reformation and Martin Luther
3.4 Comparative comments
3.4.1 The establishment and defence of the orthodox ideology
3.4.2 Historical reasons behind the faiths
3.4.3 The view of Confucianism and Christianity
3.4.4 Influence on the attitude towards nature and learning
3.4.5 Mysterious and religious factors within the ideological tendency
3.5 A case study
3.5.1 Motivation for scholarly modifications
3.5.2 Epistemology and metaphysics
3.5.3 Ethical principles
3.5.4 Political.social and intellectual concerns
CHAPTER 4 A Comparison of Modern Chinese and Western Philosophies
4.1 Social and intellectual scene for modern philosophy
4.2 The Chinese representative thinkers
4.2.1 Wang Fuzhi
4.2.2 Gong Zizhen
4.2.3 Kang Youwei
4.2.4 Sun Yatsen
4.3 The development of modern Western philosophy and its representative figures
4.3.1 The Renaissance: F. Bacon and T. Hobbes
4.3.2 Empiricism and J. Locke
4.3.3 J. Rousseau and the French Revolution
4.3.4 J. Mill.F. Nietzsche and the dawn of the new era 2
4.4 Comparative comments
4.4.1 Social and intellectual conditions
4.4.2 Contribution to social progress
4.4.3 Philosophical and social significances in theoretical exploration
4.4.4 Critical spirit
4.4.5 The range and depth of intellectual influence
4.5 A case study
4.5.1 A reflection on social change
4.5.2 Strong sense of critical spirit
4.5.3 Social and intellectual analyses
4.5.4 Political significance in academic study
CHAPTER 5 A Comparison of the Chinese and English Languages
5.1 The origin and development of the Chinese and English languages
5.1.1 The development of the Chinese language
5.1.2 The development of the English language
5.2 The main features of the Chinese language
5.2.1 The ideographic language in general
5.2.2 Flexibility in sentence structure
5.2.3 Sense of tense and inflection
5.2.4 Elliptical elements
5.2.5 Chinese as a tonal language
5.2.6 Chinese pronunciation
5.2.7 Chinese vocabulary
5.2.8 Chinese grammar
5.3 The main features of the English language
5.3.1 Shape-and-inflection structure
5.3.2 Sound-identified language
5.3.3 Accent as the sign for differentiation in meaning or part of speech
5.3.4 The constitution of a variety of rhyme and rhythm
5.3.5 The expansion of vocabulary by borrowing from other languages
5.3.6 Varieties of English established in the modern age
5.4 Comparative comments
5.4.1 The origin of the two languages
5.4.2 Diverse linguistic applications and features
5.4.3 Historical changes in language form
5.4.4 Psychological and aesthetic effects of the two languages
5.4.5 External influences
5.4.6 Academic study
CHAPTER 6 A Comparison of Chinese and Western Poetry
6.1 An account of the development of Chinese and Western poetry
6.1.1 The story of Chinese poetry
6.1.2 The story of Western poetry
6.2 Central concerns in Chinese and Western poetry
6.2.1 Political issues
6.2.2 Social concerns
6.2.3 Personal concerns
6.3 Aesthetic sense in poetic production
6.3.1 Emotional touches on various occasions
6.3.2 Awareness of natural charm
6.3.3 Philosophical meditations
6.3.4 Imagination
6.3.5 Cultural taste
6.3.6 Social satire
6.4 Poetic form
6.4.1 Sound pattern
6.4.2 Imagery
6.5 A case study
CHAPTER 7 A Comparison of Chinese and Western Fictions
7.1 Historical development of Chinese and Western fictions
7.1.1 An account of fiction development in China
7.1.2 An account of Western fiction development
7.2 General sense of fiction as a literary genre
7.2.1 Story development in early fiction
7.2.2 Historical aspect of fiction
7.2.3 Moral value of fiction
7.2.4 Social significance of fiction
7.2.5 "Preparation for modern fiction
7.3 Central concern and subject matter
7.3.1 Historical and political concerns
7.3.2 Social convention
7.3.3 Love romance
7.3.4 Myth and supernatural tales
7.4 Writing methods
7.4.1 Language features
7.4.2 Narrative structure and perspective
7.4.3 Characterization and psychological writing
7.4.4 The use of imagery and other rhetorical devices
7.4.5 Satirical and.~ critical tone
7.5 Case studies
7.5.1 A comparative study of sanoguo-yan-yi and War and Peace
7.5.2 A comparative study of hong-lou-meng and The Sound and the Fury
CHAPTER 8 A Comparison of Chinese and Western
Paintings
8.1 The development and main features of Chinese painting
8.1.1 Beginning of Chinese painting and its early development
8.1.2 Vigour and variety of Chinese painting in the middle period
8.1.3 The signs of change in the modern Chinese painting
8.2 The origin and development of Western painting
8.2.1 The initial stage of Western painting
8.2.2 Vigorous growth in Western painting since the Renaissance
8.2.3 The dawn of the modern painting and modernist achievement
8.3 Comparative comments
8.3.1 The origin and development of paintings
8.3.2 Form and style of paintings
8.3.3 Subject and object
8.3.4 Practice and theory
8.3.5 Tradition and experiment
CHAPTER 9 A Comparison of Science between China and the West
9.1 A survey of Chinese scientific development
9.1.1 The early achievement in Chinese maths and astronomy
9.1.2 Contributions of Chinese earth science and medicine
9.1.3 Scientific records in Chinese agriculture
9.1.4 Chinese early inventions in comparison with those of the West
9.2 A survey of Western scientific development
9.2.1 The birth of Western science and its early development
9.2.2 Western scientific development in the Middle Ages
9.2.3 The awakening of the Western sense of science on the threshold of
the modern age
9.2.4 Western science in the modern age
9.3 Comparative comments
9.3.1 Initiation of science from mathematics
9.3.2 Part-time engagement with scientific research
9.3.3 Close relation between science and practice
9.3.4 Dependence of science on economy and other developments
9.3.5 Intellectual and rational influences
9.3.6 Practical effects and social status
Epilogue
Chronological Table of Major Chinese and Western Cultural Events/Figures
Bibliography