本书系统讲解了英语语言学各个分支中*基本、*重要的概念和理论,涵盖了语言学的核 心分支(微观语言学)和跨学科领域(宏观语言学)。通过学习,学生能够掌握语言学的基础知 识和**发展,并运用于各种语言的描述和分析中。作为一本入门性教材,本书兼具易读性、 系统性、前沿性和实践性的特点。 本书既可以作为英语语言文学专业本科生的专业课程或通识课程教材,也可供对语言学感 兴趣的相关读者阅读学习。本书还有配套的慕课课程,读者可在“学银在线”学习。配套练习 题的答案,读者可在ftp.tup.tsinghua.edu.cn 下载使用。

Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 What Is Linguistics? 2 1.2 Scopes of Linguistics3 1.3 Some Distinctions in Linguistics5 1.4 What Is Language?7 1.5 Summary11 Chapter 2 Phonetics13 2.1 The Speech Chain.15 2.2 The Organs of Speech15 2.3 Consonants According to Places of Articulation18 2.4 Consonants According to Manners of Articulation20 2.5 Aspiration: A Vital Feature for Chinese Consonants23 2.6 Vowels24 2.7 Suprasegmental Features.26 2.8 Phonation Types28 2.9 Air Stream Mechanism29 2.10 The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and Sound Transcription30 2.11 Observing Speech Production Through Instruments32 2.12 Acoustic Characteristics of Speech Sounds35 2.13 Summary42 Chapter 3 Phonology. 43 3.1 Phonemes45 3.2 Syllabic Structure and Phonotactics.47 3.3 Phonological Processes49 3.4 Constraints in Phonological Processes52 3.5 Historical Sound Change.53 3.6 Summary54 Chapter 4 Morphology 57 4.1 Definition of Morphology.59 4.2 Morpheme.59 4.3 Word Formation63 4.4 Summary.72 Chapter 5 Syntax 75 5.1 Introduction.76 5.2 Constituency.77 5.3 Tree Diagrams78 5.4 Major Constituents of Sentences: Noun Phrases and Verb Phrases81 5.5 Active and Passive Sentences83 5.6 Testing Constituency.84 5.7 Phrase-Structure Expansions85 5.8 Grammatical Relations: Subject, Direct Object, and Others88 5.9 Surface Structures and Underlying Structures.91 5.10 Syntactic Operations: Question Formation and the Auxiliary92 5.11 Summary94 Chapter 6 Semantics. 97 6.1 Some Views on Meaning.99 6.2 Lexical Meaning.102 6.3 Sense Relations Between Words.109 6.4 Sense Relations Between Sentences 114 6.5 Summary116 Chapter 7 Pragmatics. 121 7.1 What Is Pragmatics?122 7.2 Speech Act Theory.125 7.3 The Cooperative Principle127 7.4 The Politeness Principle.130 7.5 Summary131 Chapter 8 Discourse Analysis 135 8.1 What Is Discourse Analysis?136 8.2 Information Structure 137 8.3 Cohesion and Coherence138 8.4 Discourse Markers144 8.5 Conversation Analysis146 8.6 Textual Patterns149 8.7 Summary151 Chapter 9 Sociolinguistics 153 9.1 Introduction .154 9.2 Language Variety155 9.3 Languages in Contact .158 9.4 Summary.165 Chapter 10 Cognitive Linguistics 169 10.1 Introduction.170 10.2 Organizing Principles of Iconicity 171 10.3 Prototype Theory and Categorization .172 10.4 Polysemy and Radial Networks173 10.5 Metaphor and Metonymy 174 10.6 The Relation of Grammar to Cognition.176 10.7 Cognitive Grammar in Operation177 10.8 Construction Grammar178 10.9 Mental Spaces179 10.10 Grammaticalization 180 10.11 Summary181 Chapter 11 Psycholinguistics 183 11.1 Overview of Psycholinguistics 184 11.2 Language Comprehension Models186 11.3 Language Production Models192 11.4 Summary 194 Chapter 12 Language Acquisition 197 12.1 First Language Acquisition 199 12.2 Second Language Acquisition204 12.3 Instruction and Second Language Learning213 12.4 Summary215 References 219 语言学术语表 227