This book contains seven chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the formation and devel?opment of the Vibration Utilization Engineering; Chap. 2 devotes to some of the important research results in the vibration and waveenergy utilization in some technological processes; Chap. 3 describes the theories on the technological process of the vibration utilization technology and equipments; Chaps. 4 and 5 discuss the vibration utilizations of the linear, pseudo-linear, and non-linear systems; Chap. 6 presents

1 Formation and Development of Vibration Utilization Engineering ................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Vibrating Machines and Instruments and Application of Its Related Technology and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3 Applications and Developments of Nonlinear Vibration Utilization Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.4 Applications and Developments of Wave Motion and Wave Energy Utilization Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.5 Applications of Electrics, Magnetic and Light Oscillators in Engineering Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.6 Applications of Electrics, Magnetic and Light Oscillators in Engineering Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.7 Vibrating Phenomena, Patterns and Utilization in Natures . . . . . . . 18 1.8 Vibrating Phenomena, Patterns and Utilization in Human Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1.9 Vista . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2 Some Important Results in Vibration and Wave Utilization Engineering Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.1 Utilization of Vibrating Conveyors Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.2 Applications of Vibrating Screening Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2.3 Applications of Vibrating Centrifugal Hydro-Extraction and Screening Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.4 Applications of Vibrating Crush and Milling Technology . . . . . . . . 29 2.5 Applications of Vibrating Rolling and Forming Technology . . . . . 31 2.6 Applications of Vibrating Tamping Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.7 Applications of Vibrating Ramming Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.8 Applications of Vibration Diagnostics Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.9 Applications of Synchronous Vibrating Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.10 Applications of Resonance Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 2.10.1 The General Utilization of the Resonance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 2.10.2 Application of the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance . . . . . . . . 39 2.11 Applications of Hysteresis System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.12 Applications of Impact Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 2.13 Applications of Slow-Changing Parameter Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2.14 Applications of Chaos Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2.15 Applications of Piecewise Inertial Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 2.16 Applications of Piecewise Restoring Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 2.17 Utilization of Water Wave and Wind Wave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 2.18 Applications of Tense or Elastic Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 2.19 Utilization of Supersonic Theory and Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 2.19.1 The Application of the Supersonic Motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 2.19.2 Significance and Function in Medical Diagnostics of B-Ultrasound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 2.20 Applications of Optical Fiber and Laser Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 2.20.1 Application of the Optical Fiber Technology . . . . . . . . . . . 49 2.20.2 Application of Laser Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2.21 Utilizations of Ray Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2.22 Utilization of Oscillation Theory and Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 2.23 Utilization of Vibrating Phenomena and Patterns in Meteorology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 2.24 Utilization of Vibrating Phenomena and Patterns in Social Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 2.25 Utilizations of Vibrating Principles in Biology Engineering and Medical Equipments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 3 Theory of Vibration Utilization Technology and Equipment Technological Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 3.1 Theory and Technological Parameter Computation of Material Movement on Line Vibration Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 3.1.1 Theory of Sliding Movement of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 3.1.2 Theory of Material Throwing Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 3.1.3 Selections of Material Movement State and Kinematics Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 3.1.4 Calculation of Real Conveying Speed and Productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 3.1.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 3.2 Theory and Technological Parameter Computation of Circular and Ellipse Vibration Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 3.2.1 Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration of Vibrating Bed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 3.2.2 Theory of Material Sliding Movements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 3.2.3 Theory of Material Throwing Movements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Contents xiii 3.3 Basic Characteristics of Material Movement in Non-harmonic Vibration Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 3.3.1 Initial Conditions for Positive and Negative Sliding Movements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 3.3.2 Stopping Conditions for Positive and Negative Sliding Movements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 3.3.3 Calculations of Averaged Material Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 3.4 Theory on Material Movement in Vibrating Centrifugal Hydroextractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 3.4.1 Basic Characteristics of Material Movement on Upright Vibration Hydroextractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 3.4.2 Characteristics of Material Movement on Horizontal Vibration Hydroextractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 3.4.3 Computation of Kinematics and Technological Parameters of Vibration Centrifugal Hydroextractor . . . . . 115 3.5 Probability Theory on Material Screening Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 3.5.1 Probability of Screening for Material Particle Per Jump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 3.5.2 Falling Incline Angle and Number of Jumps of Materials on Screen Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 3.5.3 Calculation of Probability of Material Going Through Screens for a General Vibration Screen . . . . . . . . 124 3.5.4 Calculation of Probability of Material Going Through Screens for a Multi-screen Vibrating Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 3.6 Classification of Screening Method and Probability Thick-Layer Screening Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 3.6.1 Screening Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 3.6.2 Screening Methods for Probability Thick Layer Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 3.7 Dynamic Theory of Vibrating Machine Technological Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 4 Linear and Pseudo Linear Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 4.1 Dynamics of Non-resonant Vibrating Machines of Planer Single-Axis Inertial Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 4.2 Dynamics of Non-resonant Vibrating Machines of Spatial Single-Axis Inertial Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 4.3 Dynamics of Non-resonant Vibration Machines of Double-Axis Inertial Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 4.3.1 Dynamics of Non-resonant Vibrating Machines of Planer Double-Axis Inertial Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 4.3.2 Dynamics of Non-resonant Vibration Machines of Spatial Double-Axis Inertial Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 xiv Contents 4.4 Dynamics of Non-resonant Vibration Machines of Multi-axis Inertial Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 4.4.1 General Pattern of Planer Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 4.4.2 Values of Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration Curves and Differential Coefficients When θ2 is Equal to /2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 4.5 Dynamics of Inertial Near-Resonant Type of Vibration Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 4.5.1 Dynamics of Single Body Near-Resonant Vibration Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 4.5.2 Dynamics of Double Body Near-Resonant Vibration Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 4.6 Dynamics of Single Body Elastic Connecting Rod Type of Near Resonance Vibration Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 4.7 Dynamics of Double Body Elastic Connecting Rod Type of Near Resonance Vibration Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 4.7.1 Balanced Type of Vibration Machines with Double Body Elastically Connecting Rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 4.7.2 Non-balance Double Body Type of Elastically Connecting Rod Vibration Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 4.8 Multi-body Elastic-Connecting Rod Type of Near-Resonant Vibration Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 4.9 Dynamics of Electric–Magnetic Resonant Type of Vibrating Machines with Harmonic Electric–Magnetic Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 4.9.1 Basic Categories of Electric–Magnetic Forces of Electric–Magnetic Vibration Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 4.9.2 Dynamics of Electric–Magnetic Type of Vibrating Machines with Harmonic Electric–Magnetic Force . . . . . 180 4.9.3 Amplitudes and Phase Angle Differentials of One-Half-Period Rectification EMTVM . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 4.9.4 Amplitudes and Phase Angle Differentials of One-Half-Period Plus One-Period Rectification EMTVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 4.10 Dynamics of Electric–Magnetic Type of Near-Resonant Vibration Machines with Non-Harmonic Electric–Magnetic Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 4.10.1 Relationships Between Electric–Magnetic Force and Amplitudes of Controlled One-Half-Period Rectification EMTVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 4.10.2 Relationships Between Electric–Magnetic Force and Amplitudes of the Decreased Frequency EMTVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Contents xv 5 Utilization of Nonlinear Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 5.2 Utilization of Smooth Nonlinear Vibration Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 5.2.1 Measurement of Dry Friction Coefficients Between Axis and Its Bushing Using Double Pendulum . . . . . . . . . 201 5.2.2 Measurement of Dynamic Friction Coefficients of Rolling Bearing Using Flode Pendulum . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 5.2.3 Increase the Stability of Vibrating Machines Using Hard-Smooth Nonlinear Vibrating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 5.3 Engineering Utilization of Piece-Wise-Linear Nonlinear Vibration Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 5.3.1 Hard-Symmetric Piece-Wise Linear Vibration Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 5.3.2 Soft-Asymmetric Piece-Wise Linear Vibration Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 5.3.3 Nonlinear Vibration Systems with Complex Piece-Wise Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 5.4 Utilization of Vibration Systems with Hysteresis Nonlinear Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 5.4.1 Simplest Hysteresis Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 5.4.2 Hysteresis Systems with Gaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 5.5 Utilization of Self-excited Vibration Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 5.6 Utilization of Nonlinear Vibration Systems with Impact . . . . . . . . . 233 5.7 Utilization of Frequency-Entrainment Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 5.7.1 Synchronous Theory of Self-synchronous Vibrating Machine with Eccentric Exciter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 5.7.2 Double Frequency Synchronization of Nonlinear Self-synchronous Vibration Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 5.8 Utilization of Nonlinear Vibration Systems with Nonlinear Inertial Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 5.8.1 Movement Equations for Vibration Centrifugal Hydro-Extractor with Nonlinear Inertial Force . . . . . . . . . 259 5.8.2 Nonlinear Vibration Responses of Vibration Centrifugal Hydro-Extractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 5.8.3 Frequency-Magnitude Characteristics of Vibration Centrifugal Hydro-Extractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 5.8.4 Experiment Vibration Responses of Vibration Centrifugal Hydro-Extractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 5.9 Utilization of Slowly-Changing Parameter Nonlinear Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 5.9.1 Slowly-Changing Systems Formed in Processes of Starting and Stopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 5.9.2 Slowly-Changing Rotor Systems Formed in Active Control Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 xvi Contents 5.10 Utilization of Chaos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 5.10.1 Major Methods for Studying Chaos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 5.10.2 Software of Studying Chaos Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 5.10.3 Application Examples of Chaos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 6 Utilization of Wave and Wave Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 6.1 Utilization of Tidal Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 6.2 Utilization of Sea Wave Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 6.3 Utilization of Stress Wave in Vibrating Oil Exploration . . . . . . . . . 288 6.3.1 Mechanism and Working Principles of Controllable Super-Low Frequency Vibration Exciters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 6.3.2 Effect of Stress Wave on Oil Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 6.3.3 Experiment Results and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 6.3.4 Elastic Stress Wave Propagation When a Controllable Vibration Source is Working . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 7 Utilization of Vibrating Phenomena and Patterns in Nature and Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 7.1 Utilization of Vibration Phenomena and Patterns in Meteorology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 7.2 Periodical Vibration and Utilization of the Tide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 7.3 Vibration Patterns and Utilization in Other Natural Phenomena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 7.3.1 Periodical Phenomenon of Tree Year-Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 7.3.2 Bee’s Communications Using Vibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 7.4 Utilization of Vibration Phenomena and Patterns in Some Economy Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 7.4.1 Fluctuation and Nonlinear Characteristics in Social Economy Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 7.4.2 Growth and Decline Period in Social Economy Development Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 7.4.3 Active Role of Macro-adjustment in Preventing Big Economy Fluctuations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 7.5 Utilization of Vibration Phenomena and Patterns in Stock Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 7.5.1 Stock Fluctuation is One of Typical Types of Economy Change Form in Social Economy Fields . . . . 326 7.5.2 Stock Market Characteristics and General Patterns of Oscillation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 7.5.3 Some Principles in Stock Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 7.6 Obey the General Rules in the Stock Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 7.7 The Entering Point and Withdrawing Points in the Stock Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 Contents xvii 7.8 Utilization of Vibration Phenomena and Pattern in Human Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 7.8.1 Vibration is a Basic Existing Form of Many Human Organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 7.8.2 Some Diseases Make Abnormal Fluctuations (Vibration) in Human Organs Physical Parameters . . . . . . 336 7.8.3 Medical Devices and Equipment Based on Vibration Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 7.8.4 Artificial Organs and Devices Using Vibration Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 7.9 Prospect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345