Unit1 History 1 Text A The Importance of History (Excerpts) 3 Text B What Is History? (Excerpts) 13 Unit2 Art 20 Text A On Art and Artists (Excerpts) 22 Text B What Is Art? 35 Unit3 Science and Technology 43 Text A New Concepts as Historical Markers 45 Text B James Watt and the Steam Engine 57 Unit4 Philosophy 64 Text A An Introduction to Philosophy 66 Text B What Use Is Philosophy? 77 Unit5 Race and Nation 82 Text A The Forming of Races and Ethnic Groups 84 Text B A Detailed List of Human Races 94 Unit6 Society 101 Text A Man and Society 103 Text B The Rationalization of Society 114 Unit7 Communication 120 Text A Light, Fire and Smoke as Emergency Communication Signals 122 Text B Birth of a Language 134 Unit8 Education 140 Text A Confucius’ Educational Thoughts 142 Text B Aristotle’s Educational Thoughts 154 Unit9 Nature and Environment 162 Text A Healing the Divide: Breaking the Boundaries Between Humans and Nature 164 Text B Nature 174 Unit10 Business 179 Text A What Is Money? 181 Text B The Long Arc Behind Bill Gates’ Wealth (Excerpts) 192 Unit11 Belief and Culture 199 Text A The Four Dimensions of Religion (Excerpts) 201 Text B The Major World Religions and Their Beliefs 213 Unit12 Politics 220 Text A What Is Politics? 222 Text B The General Mechanism of Political Development 234