Forensic linguistics is an application of linguistics. Perhaps then we should begin by asking what linguistics is. Linguistics is the scientific study of language. There are many branches within linguistics, and the linguist might specialize in anything from language acquisition to grammar, language and society or - as in the present case - language, crime and the law.
In addition, linguists look at how the individual's use of language changes through the course of life, language universals - the elements shared by all languages, the structure of language sounds, language and society, and of course the subject of this book - language, crime and the law.
Language is the most advanced means of communication known to us,and its use is absolutely central to our existence. In the past few decades,the study of language and languages has greatly increased at centres of higher learning throughout the world. This has had massive benefits to both the science itself, and to students worldwide: whereas previously,linguistics inhabited its very own ivory tower within academia, it has in this time become less and less concerned with abstract theory and more concerned with the application of knowledge to everyday issues. One area that has greatly benefited from this approach is the interface between language and crime. In 1968, when Jan Svartvik analysed the statements of Timothy John Evans - hanged for the murder of his wife and baby, and posthumously pardoned - he coined the term forensic linguistics but for years little happened in the field. In time, however, it became evident that linguists could be of service to the law by helping those who had been treated unjustly by it, and in the early 1990s Malcolm Coulthard began to analyse other police statements. One of these was the text attributed to Derek Bentley, also hanged in the 1950s and - thanks largely to Coulthard - later pardoned.