天文学让执着探索宇宙的人类着迷，而射电天文学是天文学的**个不在可见光波段的分支，因此也是探索*广泛的学科之一。这套英文教材由两册书组成，其中一册书侧重观测方法，讨论射电天文学的仪器设备和技术。射电观测人员始终要牢记：成功观测的关键是射电望远镜的功能和对望远镜的使用。书中首先回顾了天文学基础知识和相关内容，然后讨论辐射物理，使用射电望远镜收集和探测射电信号，射电望远镜组件的各种功能，以及成功进行射电观测所涉及的过程。书中也提供了对综合孔径基本原理的概念性介绍，以及真实干涉测量观测等**主题的讨论。另一册书侧重天体物理学，讨论了引起射电辐射的*常见的物理过程，并给出了射电辐射的机制，以及对应天体的例子，阐述了如何从射电观测中获得相关的物理参数。

射电天文学. 观测方法 分册目录 CHAPTER 1 Introductory Material 射电天文学基础 1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF RADIO ASTRONOMY 射电天文学简史 1.2 SOME FUNDAMENTALS OF RADIO WAVES 射电波的一些基本原理 1.2.1 Electromagnetic Radiation 电磁辐射 1.2.2 Spectroscopy 频谱学 1.3 FINDING OUR WAY IN THE SKY 在天空中定位 1.3.1 Sky Coordinate System: Right Ascension and Declination 天球坐标系：赤经和赤纬 1.3.2 Observer-Centered Definitions 以观测者为**的定义 1.3.3 Apparent Sizes 表观尺寸 1.4 BASIC STRUCTURE OF A TRADITIONAL RADIO TELESCOPE 传统射电望远镜的基本结构 1.4.1 Parabolic Reflector 抛物面式反射面 1.4.2 Mount 座架 1.4.3 Feeds, Receivers, and Computer 馈源、接收机和计算机 1.5 RADIO MAPS 射电成图 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 习题 CHAPTER 2 Introduction to Radiation Physics 辐射物理学简介 2.1 MEASURES OF THE AMOUNT OF RADIATION 辐射量的测量 2.1.1 Total Energy Emitted 辐射的总能量 2.1.2 Luminosity 光度 2.1.3 Flux 流量 2.1.4 Flux Density 流量密度 2.1.5 Intensity 强度 2.1.6 Relation between Intensity and the Electric Field and Magnetic Field Waves 强度与电磁场波之间的关系 2.2 BLACKBODY RADIATION 黑体辐射 2.3 RAYLEIGH?CJEANS APPROXIMATION 瑞利?C金斯近似 2.4 BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE 亮温度 2.5 COHERENT RADIATION 相干辐射 2.6 INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT 光的干涉 2.7 POLARIZATION OF RADIATION 辐射的偏振 2.7.1 Stokes Parameters 斯托克斯参数 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 习题 CHAPTER 3 Radio Telescopes 射电望远镜 3.1 RADIO TELESCOPE REFLECTORS, ANTENNAS, AND FEEDS 射电望远镜的反射面、天线和馈源 3.1.1 Primary Reflectors 主反射面 3.1.2 Beam Pattern 波束图 3.1.3 Feeds and Primary Reflector Illumination 馈源和主反射面照明 3.1.4 Surface Errors 表面误差 3.1.5 Beam Pattern Revisited* 再谈波束图 3.2 HETERODYNE RECEIVERS 外差式接收机 3.2.1 Transmission Lines 传输线 3.2.2 Front-End Receiver Components 接收机前端组件 3.2.3 Back-End Receiver Components 接收机后端组件 3.2.4 High-Frequency Heterodyne Receivers 高频外差式接收机 3.3 NOISE, NOISE TEMPERATURE, AND ANTENNA TEMPERATURE 噪声、噪声温度和天线温度 3.4 BOLOMETER DETECTORS 辐射热探测计 3.5 SPECTROMETERS 频谱仪 3.5.1 Filter Bank Spectrometer 滤波器组式频谱仪 3.5.2 Digital Spectrometers* 数字式频谱仪 3.6 VERY LOW-FREQUENCY RADIO ASTRONOMY 甚低频射电天文学 3.6.1 Low-Frequency Window 低频窗口 3.6.2 Antennas 天线 3.6.3 Receivers 接收机 3.6.4 Radio Frequency Interference 射频干扰 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 习题 CHAPTER 4 Single-Dish Radio Telescope Observations 单口径射电望远镜观测 4.1 BASIC MEASUREMENTS WITH A SINGLE-DISH TELESCOPE 单口径望远镜的基本测量 4.1.1 Switched Observations 开关式观测 4.1.2 Determination of System Temperature 系统温度的确定 4.1.3 Measurement of Antenna Temperature 天线温度的测量 4.1.4 Uncertainty in the Measured Antenna Temperature 测量天线温度的不确定性 4.2 ANTENNA BEAM 天线波束 4.2.1 Beam Power Pattern and Antenna Solid Angle 波束功率方向图和天线立体角 4.2.2 Main Beam and Angular Resolution 主波束和角分辨率 4.2.3 Main Beam Efficiency 主波束效率 4.2.4 Detected Power from Extended Sources 从扩展源中探测功率 4.3 OBSERVING RESOLVED VERSUS UNRESOLVED SOURCES 观测可解析源与不可解析源 4.3.1 Unresolved Sources 不可解析源 4.3.2 Resolved Sources 可解析源 4.3.3 Uniform Source That Fills the Sky 充满天空的均匀源 4.3.4 Brightness Temperature versus Antenna Temperature, Beam Dilution, and Beam Filling Factor 亮温度与天线温度、波束稀释和波束填充系数的关系 4.4 SPECTRAL-LINE OBSERVATIONS 谱线观测 4.4.1 Spectral Parameters 频谱参数 4.4.2 Frequency Switching 频率切换 4.5 OBTAINING RADIO IMAGES 获取射电图像 4.5.1 Convolution with Beam Pattern 与波束图的卷积 4.5.2 Deconvolution 去卷积 4.6 CALIBRATION OF A RADIO TELESCOPE 射电望远镜的校准 4.6.1 Pointing Corrections 指向校正 4.6.2 Calibration of the Gain, Effective Area, and Gain Curve 增益、有效面积和增益曲线的校准 4.6.3 Measuring the Beam Pattern and Main Beam Efficiency 测量波束图和主波束效率 4.6.4 Calculating Antenna Solid Angle and Main Beam Efficiency 计算天线立体角和主波束效率 4.7 TELESCOPE SENSITIVITY CONSIDERATIONS IN PLANNING AN OBSERVATION 规划观测时关于望远镜灵敏度的考虑 4.8 POLARIZATION CALIBRATION* 偏振校准 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 习题 CHAPTER 5 Aperture Synthesis Basics: Two-Element Interferometers 综合孔径基础：两单元干涉仪 5.1 WHY APERTURE SYNTHESIS 为什么要综合孔径 5.2 TWO-ELEMENT INTERFEROMETER 两单元干涉仪 5.3 OBSERVATIONS OF A SINGLE-POINT SOURCE 单点源的观测 5.3.1 Response of the Additive Interferometer 相加干涉仪的响应 5.3.2 Response of the Multiplicative Interferometer 相关干涉仪的响应 5.3.3 Effect of Noise 噪声的影响 5.4 FRINGE FUNCTION 条纹函数 5.5 VISIBILITY FUNCTION 可见度函数 5.5.1 Analysis of Visibilities for a Single-Point Source 点源的可见度函数分析 5.6 OBSERVATIONS OF A PAIR OF UNRESOLVED SOURCES 一对不可解析源的观测 5.7 OBSERVATIONS OF A SINGLE EXTENDED SOURCE 单个扩展源的观测 5.8 COHERENCE AND THE EFFECTS OF FINITE BANDWIDTH AND INTEGRATION TIME 有限带宽与积分时间的相干性及其影响 5.8.1 Bandwidth Smearing 带宽导致的模糊 5.8.2 Time Smearing 时间导致的模糊 5.9 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF INTERFEROMETRY 干涉测量的基本原理 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 习题 CHAPTER 6 Aperture Synthesis: Advanced Discussion 综合孔径：**讨论 6.1 CROSS-CORRELATION OF RECEIVED SIGNALS 接收信号的互相关 6.2 COMPLEX-VALUED CROSS-CORRELATION 复值互相关 6.3 COMPLEX CORRELATION OF A POINT SOURCE AT A SINGLE FREQUENCY 单频上点源的复相关 6.4 EXTENDED SOURCES AND THE FOURIER TRANSFORM 扩展源和傅里叶变换 6.5 FOURIER TRANSFORMS FOR SOME COMMON SOURCE SHAPES 常见形状源的傅里叶变换 6.5.1 Visibility Function of a Point Source 点源的可见度函数 6.5.2 Visibility Function of Two Point Sources 双点源的可见度函数 6.5.3 Visibility Function of a Gaussian Profile 高斯轮廓源的可见度函数 6.6 THREE DIMENSIONS, THE EARTH’S ROTATION, AND THE COMPLEX FRINGE FUNCTION 三维空间、地球自转和复条纹函数 6.7 NONZERO BANDWIDTH AND FINITE INTEGRATION TIME 非零带宽和有限积分时间 6.8 SOURCE STRUCTURE AND THE VISIBILITY FUNCTION 源结构和可见度函数 6.8.1 Sky Coordinates and the Visibility Function 天球坐标和可见度函数 6.8.2 uv-Plane uv平面 6.8.3 Visibility Functions of Simple Structures 简单结构的可见度函数 6.9 THE EARTH’S ROTATION AND UV TRACKS 地球自转和 uv 轨迹 6.10 INTERFEROMETERS AS SPATIAL FILTERS 干涉仪作为空间滤波器 6.11 SENSITIVITY AND DETECTION LIMITS 灵敏度和探测极限 6.11.1 Noise in a Visibility 可见度中的噪声 6.11.2 Image Sensitivity 图像灵敏度 6.11.3 Brightness Sensitivity 亮度灵敏度 6.12 CALIBRATION 校准 6.13 IMAGE FORMATION 图像形成 6.13.1 Image Dimensions and Gridding Parameters 图像尺寸和网格参数 6.13.2 Dirty Map and Dirty Beam 脏图和脏波束 6.13.3 uv Weighting Schemes uv加权方案 6.13.4 CLEANing the Map: Deconvolving the Dirty Beam 洁化图像：对脏波束去卷积 6.13.5 Self-Calibration and Closure Phase and Amplitude 自校准、闭合相位和振幅 6.14 VERY LONG BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY* 甚长基线干涉测量（VLBI） 6.14.1 VLBI Resolution and Sensitivity VLBI的分辨率和灵敏度 6.14.2 Hardware Considerations for VLBI VLBI的硬件考虑 6.14.3 Fringe Searching or Fringe Fitting 条纹搜索或条纹拟合 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 习题 Appendix A Constants and Conversions 常量及其单位换算 Appendix B Derivation of Beam Pattern 波束图的推导 Appendix C Cross-Correlations 互相关 Appendix D Complex-Exponential Form of Wave Functions 波函数的复指数形式 Appendix E Prime