PREFACE
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Signals,Systems,and Signal Processing
1.1.1 Basic Elements of a Digital Signal Processing System
1.1.2 Advantages of Digital over Analog Signal Processing
1.2 Classification of Signals
1.2.1 Multichannel and Multidimensional Signals
1.2.2 Continuous-Time Versus Discrete-Time Signals
1.2.3 Continuous-Valued Versus Discrete-Valued Signals
1.2.4 Deterministic Versus Random Signals
1.3 The Concept of Frequency in Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Signals
1.3.1 Continuous-Time Sinusoidal Signals
1.3.2 Discrete-Time Sinusoidal Signals
1.3.3 Harmonically Related Complex Exponentials
1.4 Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Conversion
1.4.1 Sampling of Analog Signals
1.4.2 The Sampling Theorem
1.4.3 Quantization of Continuous-Amplitude Signals
1.4.4 Quantization of Sinusoidal Signals
1.4.5 Coding of Quantized Samples
1.4.6 Digital-to-Analog Conversion
1.4.7 Analysis of Digital Signals and Systems Versus Discrete-Time Signals and Systems
1.5 Summary and References
Problems
2 DISCRETE-TIME SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
2.1 Discrete-Time Signals
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2.2 Discrete-Time Systems
2.3 Analysis of Discrete-Time Linear Time-Invariant Systems
2.4 Discrete-Time Systems Described by Difference Equations
2.5 Implementation of Discrete-Time Systems
2.6 Correlation of Discrete-Time Signals
2.7 Summary andReferences
Problems
3 THE Z-TRANSFORM AND ITS APPLICATION TO THEANALYSIS OF LTlSYSTEMS
3.1 The z-Transform
3.2 Properties o fthe z-Transform
3.3 Rational z-Transforms
3.4 Inversion of the z-Transform
3.5 The One-sided z-Transform
3.6 Analysis of Linear Time-Invariant Systems in the z-Domain
3.7 Summary and References
Problems
4 FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
4.1 Frequency Analysis of Continuous-Time Signals
4.2 Frequency Analysis of Discrete-Time Signals
4.3 Properties of the Fourier Transform for Discrete-Time Signals
4.4 Frequency-Domain Characteristics of Linear Time-Invariant Systems
4.5 Linear Time-Invariant Systems as Frequency-Selective Filters
4.6 Inverse Systems and Deconvolution
Problems
5 THE DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM:ITS PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS
5.1 Frequency Domain Sampling:The Discrete Fourier Transform
5.2 Properties of the DFT
5.3 Linear Filtering Methods Basedon the DFT
5.4 Frequency Analysis of Signals Using the DFT
5.5 Summary and References
Problems
6 EFFICIENT COMPUTATION OF THE DFT:FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM ALGORITHMS
6.1 Efficient Computation of the DFT:FFT Algorithms
6.2 Applications of FFT Algorithms
6.3 A Linear Filtering Approach to Computation of the DFT
6.4 Quantization Effects in the Computation ofthe DFT
6.5 Summary and References
Problems
7 IMPLEMENTATION OF DISCRETE-TIME SYSTEMS
7.1 Structures for the Realization of Discrete-Time Systems
7.2 Structures for FIR Systems
7.3 Structures for IIR Systems
7.4 State-Space System Analysis and Structures
7.5 Representation of Numbers
7.6 Quantization of Filter Coefficients
7.7 Round-Off Effects in Digital Filters
7.8 Summary and References
Problems
8 DESIGN OF DIGITAL FILTERS
8.1 General Considerations
8.2 Design of FIR Filters
8.3 Design of IIR Filters From Analog Filters
8.4 Frequency Transformations
8.5 Design of Digital Filters Based on Least-Squares Method
8.6 Summary and References
Problems
9 SAMPLING AND RECONSTRUCTION OF SIGNALS
9.1 Sampling of Bandpass Signals
9.2 Analog-to-Digital ConverSion
9.3 Digital-to-Analog Conversion
9.4 Summary and References
Problems
10 MULTIRATE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Decimation by a Factor D
10.3 Interpolation by a Factor I
10.4 Sampling Rate Conversion by a Rational Factor I/D
10.5 Filter Design and Implementation for Sampling-Rate Conversion
10.6 Multistage Implementation of Sampling-Rate Conversion
10.7 Sampling-Rate Conversion of Bandpass Signals
10.8 Sampling-Rate Conversion by an Arbitrary Factor
10.9 Applications of Multirate Signal Processing
10.10 Summary and References
Problems
11 LINEAR PREDICTION AND OPTIMUM LINEAR FILTERS
11.1 Innovations Representation of a Stationary Random Process
11.2 Forward and Backward Linear Prediction
11.3 Solution of the Normal Equations
11.4 Properties of the Linear Prediction-Error Filters
11.5 AR Lattice and ARMA Lattice-Ladder Filters
11.6 Wiener Filters for Filtering and Prediction
11.7 Summary and References
Problems
12 POWER SPECTRUM ESTIMATION
12.1 Estimation of Spectra from Finite-Duration Observations of Signals
12.2 Nonparametric Methods for Power Spectrum Estimation
12.3 Parametric Methods for Power Spectrum Estimation
12.4 Minimum Variance Spectral Estimation
12.5 Eigenanalysis Algorithms for Spectrum Estimation
12.6 Summary and References
Problems
A RANDOM SIGNALS,CORRELATION FUNCTIONS,AND POWER SPECTRA
B RANDOM NUMBER GENERATORS
C TABLES OF TRANSITION COEFFICIENTS FOR THE DESIGN OF LINEAR-PHASEFIRFILTERS
D LIST OF MATLAB FUNCTIONS
REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHYR1
INDEX