《纺织应用英语》一书集纺织专业技术英语和纺织外贸英语于一体,与纺织生产、经营实际紧密结合,专业技术涉及纤维、纺纱、机织、组织与面料、非织造布、针织、染整、检测等内容,纺织外贸包括企业介绍、外贸函电、单证、合同、外贸术语以及外贸对话等内容。具有图文化、案例化、模板化、简明化的特点,讲究实用,配有词汇、注释、练习项目,适合自学、易于理解,更便于读者在实际工作中举一反三地遵循应用。即使大学英语四级水平以下的读者也可方便地阅读学习。
《纺织应用英语》一书作为高职高专院校教材,也可供纺织生产、进出口贸易一线的从业人员学习与参考。
纺织应用英语_佟昀_中国纺织出版社_

Chapter 1Textile Fibers纤维篇
The Working Objective
Task 1. To be able to classify the various types of textile materials
Task 2. To describe the properties of various types of natural cellulosic fibersTask 3. To describe the properties of various types of natural protein fibersTask 4. To describe the properties of various types of manmade fibers as well as the new fibersTask 1Common textile fibers’ classification
常见纺织纤维分类Task 2To describe the natural cellulosic fibers
描述天然纤维素纤维纺织应用英语Chapter 1Textile Fibers纤维篇General informationNatural cellulosic fibers天然纤维素纤维Being derived from a wide variety of plant sources, natural cellulosic fibers are classified into various types, each possessing distinctive qualities or properties that distinguish it from others and make it especially suitable for certain end uses. The general characteristics of natural cellulosic fibers as a class or group can be summarized as follows:Physical PropertiesThe density of cellulosic fibers tends to be relatively high, which makes fabrics woven from these fibers feel comparatively heavy. As a result of their having relatively low elasticity and resilience, they wrinkle easily and do not recover from wrinkling readily. Absorbency and moisture regain are generally good. Most cellulosic fibers are, therefore, slow to dry after wetting, comfortable to wear, and easy to dye. Cellulosic fibers are good conductors of heat and electricity. As good conductors of heat, they carry warmth away from the body and are favored for use in hot weather and warm climates. Since they conduct electricity, cellulosic fibers neither build up static electricity nor produce shocks when worn. Cellulosic fibers tend to burn easily, with a quick yellow flame, much as paper. Most cellulosic fibers can, however, withstand fairly high dry heat or ironing temperatures before they scorch. Chemical propertiesChemical properties of cellulosic fibers include good resistance to alkalis. Excessive bleaching will harm cellulosic fibers, although carefully controlled bleaching is less detrimental. Such properties as the withstanding of high water temperature permit laundering of cellulosic fibers with strong detergent, controlled bleaching, and hot water temperatures. The unique combination of properties—durability, low cost, easy washability, and comfort—has made cotton not only a material desirable for summer clothes, work clothes, towels, and sheets, but also a standard for great masses of the world’s people who live in warm and subtropical climates. Even though the man-made fibers have encroached on the markets that were dominated by 100 percent cotton fibers, the cotton-look is still maintained and cotton forms up to 65 percent of the fibers in blended fabrics. New Words and Expressionscellulosic 纤维素的source 来源,起源derive 引出 miscellaneous 各种的 summarize 概述 density 密度,比重comparatively 比较地 elasticity 弹性resilience 弹力,回弹 wrinkle 折皱readily 容易地 absorbency 吸水性recover 回复 comfortable 舒服的withstand抵挡,经受住 ironing熨烫shock 电击 scorch 烫焦alkali 碱 bleach 漂白detrimental 损害的,有害的 excessive 过度的,过量的launder 洗涤 detergent 洗涤剂,净洗剂washability 易洗性 subtropical 亚热带的encroach 侵入 maintain保持,维持unique 独特的,**的 blend 混合,混纺物dominate 统治,控制 wrinkle recovery 折皱回复度end use *终用途 moisture regain 回潮率Notes1. Being derived from a wide variety of plant sources…由于来自不同的植物源……2. classify into 把……分类。3. …and the like, each possessing distinctive qualities or properties that distinguish it from others and make it especially suitable for certain end uses. “……等等,每一种纤维都具有使自己与其他纤维相区别并使之特别适合于某些*终用途的品质或性能”。 “and the like”等等;like 在这里是名词,需与定冠词the 连用。each possessing…end uses 系独立分词结构,逻辑主语为each, 作状语,表示伴随情况。4. …much as paper:……这种情况与纸张(易于燃烧,烧着呈黄色的火焰)十分类似。much as作“……几乎一样”解。接近于“just as”这是一个方式状语从句,much系副词作状语。paper后省略了“tends to burn easily, with a quick yellow flame”。Exercises Part 1Put the following expressions into Chinese1. distinguish it from others and make it especially suitable for certain end uses2. Absorbency and moisture regain are generally good. 3. They carry warmth away from the body and are favored for use in hot weather and warm climates. 4. withstand fairly high dry heat or ironing temperatures before they scorch5. durability, low cost, easy washability, and comfortPart 2Questions 1. What are natural cellulosic fibers classified into?2. What are the general characteristics of natural cellulosic fibers?3. How about the burning conditions of cellulosic fibers?4. Talk about the properties of cotton fiber. Unit 1Cotton棉Cotton today is the most used textile fiber in the world. Its current consumption market share is approximately 56 percent for all fibers used for apparel and home furnishings and sold in the U.S. It is generally recognized that most consumers prefer cotton personal care items to those containing synthetic fibers. The earliest evidence of using cotton is from India and the date assigned to this fabric is 3000 B. C. Cotton cultivation first spread from India to Egypt, China and the South Pacific. Even though cotton fiber had been known already in Southern America, the large-scale cotton cultivation in Northern America began in the 16th century with the arrival of colonists to southern parts of today’s United States. With this new technology, it was possible to produce more cotton fiber, which resulted in big changes in the spinning and weaving industry, especially in England. Cottons are generally classified according to their length:⑴Sea Island cotton ⑵Upland cotton ⑶Egyptian cotton. Cotton, as a natural cellulosic fiber, has a lot of characteristics, such as: Comfortable soft hand; Good absorbency; Color retention; Prints well; Machine-washable; Dry-cleanable; Good strength; Easy to handle and sew. Cotton fiber appears as a long, thin, irregular, convoluted (复杂的) and flattened (扁平的) tube. The cross section of a mature fiber shows a thin cuticle (表皮) and primary wall on the outside and a hollow collapsed (塌陷的) cavity (空腔) in the center of the fiber (See in Fig.1.1). Fig.1.1Observation under microscopeThe moisture regain(回潮率)of cotton is about 7.1%~8.5% and the moisture absorption is 7%~8%. Cotton is attacked by hot dilute or cold concentrated acid (酸)ions(离子). Cold weak acids do not affect it. The fibers show excellent resistance to alkalis(碱). The cotton buyer usually selects species and grades of cotton to produce specific yarns. If a fabric such as a part wool blanket is to be produced, the cotton buyer will select Peruvian, China, or Indian cottons which have a harsh, rough, wool-like handle. Where extremely fine texture, silkness and great strength are desired, the cotton buyer may choose Sea Island staple or Egyptian cotton. During the past 200 years, cottons have evolved hybridization to become the industrial cottons today. In the Practice United States, they are closely related to Sea Island cotton which came into prominence along the coast of South Carolina and to the Egyptian-type species which gained popularity of its high-quality fiber for use in the fine counts. American-grown cottons are divided into grades according to length of staple, uniformity, strength, color, cleanliness and flexibility. These are compared with a standard supplied by the United States Department of Agriculture. A cotton mill often averages up the various grades of cotton to produce a fairly uniform yarn. All normal cotton fibers have a soft creamy tint and some of the long staple fibers like the Egyptian cotton, are more creamy in color than the Upland and the Sea Island cotton. Cotton is never truly white and the nature of the pigment responsible for the color is really not known. New Words and Expressionsapproximately 近似convoluted 复杂的convoluted 复杂的 flattened (扁平的) collapsed 塌陷的 cavity 空腔moisture regain回潮率 acid 酸alkalis碱 Peruvian 秘鲁harsh 粗糙的 rough 毛糙的,粗糙的desire 要求,愿望 evolve进化yarn 纱线 count 支数,号数fabric 织物 blanket 毛毯handle 手感 texture 织物质地silkness 像丝绸一样的 Sea Island staple 海岛棉hybridization 杂交 staple 短纤维pigment 色素,颜料 uniformity 均匀度flexibility 柔软度 Notes 1. species and grades of cotton: 不同种类和等级的棉花。2. harsh, rough wool-like handle: 像羊毛一样粗糙的手感。3. fine structure: 织物细密的质地。4. come into prominence: 占主要地位。5. fine co

Chapter 1Textile Fibers纤维篇
Task 1Common textile fibers’ classification常见纺织纤维分类
Task 2To describe the natural cellulosic fibers描述天然纤维素纤维
General informationNatural cellulosic fibers天然纤维素纤维
Unit 1Cotton棉
Unit 2Flax亚麻
Unit 3Ramie苎麻
Unit 4Jute黄麻
Task 3To describe the properties of natural protein fibers描述天然蛋白质纤维
General informationNatural protein fibers天然蛋白质纤维
Unit 1Wool羊毛
Unit 2Specialty and fur fibers特种毛
Unit 3Silk丝
Extension of practice & readingSpider silk蜘蛛丝
Task 4To describe the properties of various types of manmade fibers描述化学纤维
General information 1Manmade fibers化学纤维
Unit 1Viscose黏胶纤维
Unit 2Acetate醋酯纤维
Unit 3Rayon人造丝
Unit 4Lyocell (Tencel) 莱赛尔(天丝)
Unit 5Modal莫代尔
Task 5To describe the properties of various types of synthetic fibers描述各种合成纤维
General information 2Synthetic fibers合成纤维
Unit 1Polyester涤纶
Unit 2Nylon锦纶
Unit 3Acrylic腈纶
Unit 4Spandex氨纶
Unit 5New fibers新型纤维
Extension of practice & readingSpecialty fibers特种纤维
Chapter 2Spinning纺纱篇
Task 1To describe the cotton ring spinning process描述棉纺环锭纺工艺
General informationCotton spinning棉纺
Task 2To describe the woolen & worsted spinning process描述毛粗纺和精纺加工过程
Task 3To describe the new type spinning process描述新型纺纱
Unit 1Rotor yarn转杯纺
Unit 2Compact yarn spinning紧密纺纱
Unit 3Fancy yarn花式纱
Unit 4Textured yarns变形纱
Unit 5The type of yarn纱线分类
Chapter 3Weaving机织篇
Task 1To describe the elements of woven fabric constitution描述机织物构成要素
Task 2To describe the woven fabric specification机织物规格描述
Task 3To describe the preparation for weaving描述织造准备工序
General informationBrief introduction of weaving preparation织造准备简介
Unit 1Winding络筒
Unit 2Warping整经
Unit 3Sizing浆纱
Unit 4Drawing in穿经
Task 4To describe weaving process描述织造工序
General informationThe weaving cycle and motion织造循环运动
Unit 1Shedding开口
Unit 2Picking引纬
Unit 3Beating-up打纬
Unit 4Let-off & Take-up送经与卷取
Task 5To introduce modern weaving looms介绍现代织机
General informationShuttleless Looms无梭织机
Unit 1Rapier loom剑杆织机
Unit 2Projectile loom片梭织机
Unit 3Air-jet loom喷气织机
Unit 4Water-jet loom喷水织机
Chapter 4Weaves & Fabrics组织和面料篇
Task 1Basic weaves and fabrics基础组织及其织物
General informationBasic weaves基础组织
Unit 1Plain weave平纹组织
Unit 2Twill weave斜纹组织
Unit 3Satin and Sateen Weave缎纹组织
Task 2Derivatives of basic weaves and fabrics基础组织的衍生(变化)组织和织物
General informationDerivatives of basic weaves基础组织的衍生组织
Unit 1Rib weaves重平组织
Unit 2Twill weave derivatives斜纹组织的衍生组织
Task 3Combined weaves and fabrics联合组织和织物
General informationCombined weaves联合组织
Unit 1Stripe and check weaves条格组织
Unit 2Crepe fabrics绉布
Unit 3Mock Leno weaves and Huckaback weaves假纱罗与浮松(花式透孔)组织
Unit 4Honeycomb weaves蜂巢组织
Unit 5Novel appearance fabric新颖外观织物
Task 4Compound weaves and fabrics复杂组织和织物
General informationCompound weaves复杂组织
Unit 1Backed weaves重组织
Unit 2Double fabrics双层织物
Unit 3Cut pile and terry fabrics起绒织物和毛圈织物
Task 5Fabric introduction in brief织物简介
Unit 1Dyed yarn fabrics色织物
Unit 2Filament yarn fabric长丝织物
Unit 3Wollen and worsted fabrics毛粗纺和精纺织物
Unit 4Stripe & Check fabrics条格织物
Unit 5Finished fabrics成品布
Task 6Nonwoven fabric非织造布
Chapter 5Knitting针织篇
Task 1To describe the general terms and principles of knitting technology
描述针织技术常规术语与原理
Task 2To describe the weft knitting structure and fabrics描述纬编结构和织物
Task 3To describe the warp knitting and fabrics描述经编结构和织物
Chapter 6Dyeing and Finishing染整篇
Task 1To describe the dyeing and finishing technological process描述染整加工技术
General informationIntroduction of dyeing and finishing染整介绍
Unit 1Pretreatment前处理
Unit 2Dyeing染色
Unit 3Printing印花
Unit 4Finishing整理
Task 2To describe the dyeing and finishing machines描述染整机械
Unit 1Gas singer气体烧毛机
Unit 2Dyeing machinery染色设备
Unit 3Transfer printing machines转移印花设备
Chapter 7Textile Testing 纺织检测篇
Task 1Textile testing items纺织检测项目
Task 2General test methods常规测试方法
Unit 1Fiber identification纤维鉴别
Unit 2Fiber & fabric properties纤维织物性能
Unit 3Fabric abrasion and pilling织物摩擦和起球性能
Unit 4Flammability可燃性
Unit 5Fabric hand and drape织物的手感与悬垂性
Unit 6Colorfastness色牢度
Unit 7Comfort of textiles纺织品舒适性
Unit 8Practical example & exercise实例与练习
Chapter 8Textile International Trade纺织外贸篇
Task 1Introducing Our Company介绍我们的公司
General informationAbout us关于我们
Unit 1Company profile公司简介
Unit 2Enterprise culture企业文化
Unit 3Enterprise organization structure企业组织架构
Task 2Business mails for international trade外贸函电
Unit 1Invitation for business约请洽谈生意
Unit 2Establishing business relations建立业务关系
Unit 3Opening up new sources of goods寻求货源
Unit 4Asking for samples索要样品
Unit 5Inquiry询价
Unit 6Quotation报价
Unit 7Offer虚盘
Unit 8Firm offer实盘
Unit 9Counter offer还盘
Unit 10Refusal of the counter offer拒绝还盘
Unit 11Order订货
Unit 12Request to cancel the order要求撤销订货
Unit 13Refuse to accept the cancellation拒绝撤销订货
Unit 14Reminder催货
Unit 1**sking for opening an L/C催开信用证
Unit 16Asking for amendment of an L/C要求修改信用证
Unit 17Shipping advice装船通知
Unit 18Claim索赔
Unit 19Business mails for home textile trade家纺贸易函电(实例)
Task 3Business contract商业合同
Task 4Certificate & documents for international trade外贸单证
Unit 1Sales confirmation销售确认书
Unit 2Import & Export declaration进出口报关
Unit 3Import & Export license进出口许可证
Unit 4Commodities quality inspection商品检验
Unit 5Customs invoice and consular invoice海关和领事发票
Unit 6Commercial invoice商业发票
Unit 7Bill of exchange商业汇票
Unit 8Insurance保险
Unit 9Shipping order装货单
Unit 10Letter of credit信用证
Task 5Terms for international trade外贸术语
Unit 1Customs-clearance报关
Unit 2Price terms价格术语
Unit 3Terms of delivery交货条件
Unit 4Claim索赔
Unit 5Sale销售
Unit 6Commission佣金
Unit 7Insurance保险
Unit 8Quality品质
Unit 9Trade of import & export进出口贸易
Unit 10Abbreviate缩略语
Unit 11WTO ( world trade organization ) 相关词汇
Task 6Communication and conversion for international trade外贸交流与对话
Unit 1Foreign trade policy外贸政策
Unit 2Establishment of business relation建立贸易联系
Unit 3Inquiries询价
Unit 4Offer报价
Unit 5Disagreement on price价格争议
Unit 6Order订货
Unit 7Discount折扣
Unit 8Commission佣金
Unit 9Signing a contract签订合同
Unit 10Terms of payment付款方式
Unit 11Sale销售
Unit 12Packing包装
Unit 13Terms of shipping装运条件
Unit 14Quality品质
Unit 15Commodity inspection商检
Unit 16Claim索赔
Unit 17Joint venture合资经营
Unit 18Insurance保险
Unit 19Commercial agency商务代理
Unit 20Comprehensive exercise综合练习
Bibliograph参考文献

《纺织应用英语》一书集纺织专业技术英语和纺织外贸英语于一体,与纺织生产、经营实际紧密结合,专业技术涉及纤维、纺纱、机织、组织与面料、非织造布、针织、染整、检测等内容,纺织外贸包括企业介绍、外贸函电、单证、合同、外贸术语以及外贸对话等内容。具有图文化、案例化、模板化、简明化的特点,讲究实用,配有词汇、注释、练习项目,适合自学、易于理解,更便于读者在实际工作中举一反三地遵循应用。即使大学英语四级水平以下的读者也可方便地阅读学习。本书作为高职高专院校教材,也可供纺织生产、进出口贸易一线的从业人员学习与参考。