Module 1 Background to language learning and teaching 1 Chapter 1 Introducing language skills & systems 2 Section 1 Describing grammar 2 Section 2 Describing lexis 11 Section 3 Describing phonology 19 Section 4 Describing functions 29 Section 5 Describing language skills 37 Chapter 2 How we learn languages 47 Section 1 Motivation 47 Section 2 Acquisition, focus on forms and interaction 54 Section 3 Language learner errors 59 Section 4 L1 & L2 learners 64 Section 5 Language learner characteristics & needs 70 Chapter 3 How we teach language 78 Section 1 Presenting and practising language 78 Section 2 Assessing learners 95 Module 2 Lesson planning and use of resources for language teaching 103 Chapter 1 Planning language lessons 104 Section 1 The aims of a language lesson 104 Section 2 Planning for lessons and courses 111 Section 3 Planning assessment 124 Chapter 2 Resources & materials in the language classroom 132 Section 1 Reference resources and teaching aids 132 Section 2 Using coursebook materials 142 Module 3 Managing the teaching and learning process 153 Chapter 1 Teacher and learner classroom language 154 Chapter 2 Correcting language & giving feedback 161 Section 1 Describing language errors 161 Section 2 Correcting learners 169 Section 3 Giving feedback 180 Chapter 3 The role of the teacher and classroom management 188 Section 1 Describing teacher roles 188 Section 2 Managing the classroom 195 Glossary 202 Cambridge English Teaching Qualifications 220