This study was conducted under the auspices of Commission III （Space Technology & System Development） of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA）， which benefited from review and comments by numerous members of the Academy， as well as members of the Commission. There were 12 participants in the study with many countries represented， such as China，France， India， Italy， Japan， Netherlands， Russia and the USA.The study could not have been completed to this level of detail without the timely

Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Demand and Solution Analysis of L2AS in the Future 2．1 Mission requirement analysis for access to space 2．2 Challenges to current technologies providing access to space 2．3 Low-cost technology for access to space 2．4 Environmental impact of large-scale access to space 2．5 Value analysis Chapter 3 Key Technologies 3．1 Launch vehicles 3．2 Propellant depot 3．3 Electromagnetic launch vehicles 3．4 Nuclear propulsion launch vehicle 3．5 Space elevator Chapter 4 Mission Mode and Solutions to L2AS in the Future based on Expendable Launch Vehicles 4．1 Single rockets carrying multiple satellites 4．2 Piggyback 4．3 Exclusive small launch vehicles 4．4 Airline flight mode of access to space in the future Chapter 5 Management of New Enterprises for L2AS in the Future 5．1 Representative emerging commercial aerospace companies 5．2 Enterprise management characteristics for L2AS in the future 5．3 Project risk management for L2AS in the future Chapter 6 International Cooperation and Innovation Mode for L2AS in the Future 6．1 International cooperation status and trends of the operation mode of L2AS 6．2 The international cooperation mode assumption ofL2AS Chapter 7 Relevant Laws and Policies 7．1 Constraints of international space legal regulations faced by L2AS in the future 7．2 Analysis of space legal issues driven by L2AS Chapter 8 Conclusions and Recommendations 8．1 Commercial aerospace has become irreversible and the quantity of payloads entering space will increase rapidly year-by-year 8．2 Government guidance and control and international collaboration are indispensable 8．3 Further scientifically exploration and demonstration the requirements of large-scale access to space …… REFERENCES LIST OF ACRONYMS APPENDIX