Preface Unit1 GraphicLanguageofEngineers 1 1.1 IntroductionofEngineeringGraphics 1 1.2 DraftingStandards 3 1.3 UnderstandingProjections 4 1.4 MultiviewDrawings 6 1.5 Three-viewDrawings 8 1.6 First-angle& Third-angleProjections 8 1.7 DrawingProcessofThreeViews 12 Unit2 EngineeringDrawingTechniques 15 2.1 LineConventions(GB/T4457.4—2002) 15 2.2 MeasurementSystems 18 2.3 Scale(GB/T14690—1993) 19 2.4 Dimensions(GB/T4458.4—2003) 20 2.5 Lettering(GB/T14691—1993) 27 2.6 DrawingPencils(GB/T26704—2011) 28 2.7 StandardSheets&Layouts(GB/T14689—2008) 29 2.8 GeometricConstruction 31 2.9 PlanningtheDrawing 40 Unit3 GeometricEntities41 3.1 Points 41 3.2 StraightLines 46 3.3 Planes 50 3.4 MutualLocation 56 3.5 ProjectionAnalysis 59 Unit4 PrimitiveGeometies 62 4.1 PrimitiveGeometies 62 4.2 ExtrudedModels&PlanePrimitives 62 4.3 Prisms 63 4.4 Pyramids 64 4.5 TruncatedPlanePrimitives 66 4.6 RevolvedModels&CurvedPrimitives 69 4.7 CircularCylindricalSurfaces 70 4.8 CircularConeSurfaces 76 4.9 SphericalSurfaces 81 Unit5 IntersectionsofSolidPrimitives 85 5.1 ConstructiveSolidGeometry 85 5.2 IntersectionLinesofSurface-to-Surface 86 5.3 IntersectionsofPlaneSolidandCurvedSolid 87 5.4 IntersectionofCurvedSolids 89 5.5 SpecialCasesofIntersection 96 5.6 TangenciesorIntersections 98 Unit6 RepresentationofViews 100 6.1 Feature-basedModeling 100 6.2 Feature-basedAnalysis 102 6.3 PrincipleViews&ProjectionBox 104 6.4 PartialViews& RemovedViews 108 6.5 RevolutionConventions 109 6.6 AuxiliaryViews 110 6.7 Visualization 112 6.8 ProjectingThirdView 116 Unit7 SectionsandCuts 118 7.1 FullSections 118 7.2 HalfSections 122 7.3 Broken-outSections 123 7.4 OffsetSections 123 7.5 AlignedSections 123 7.6 RevolvedCuts 124 7.7 RemovedCuts 124 Unit8 PictorialProjections 127 8.1 PictorialSketches 127 8.2 IsometricProjections 128 8.3 MakingIsometricDrawing 129 8.4 ObliqueDrawings 135 Unit9 TechnicalDrawings 138 9.1 IntroductiontoTechnicalDrawings 138 9.2 DetailDrawings/Single-partDrawings 139 9.3 Assemblydrawings 140 9.4 FeaturesonMechanicalParts 142 9.5 ConventionalRepresentations 143 9.6 Fillets,RoundsandRunouts 144 9.7 NecessaryViews 146 9.8 SimplifiedDrawings 147 Unit10 Dimensions149 10.1 ConventionsofDimensions 149 10.2 ArrangementofDimensions 151 10.3 SuperfluousDimensions 153 10.4 ShapeAnalysisforDimensioning 154 10.5 SizeDimensions 155 10.6 LocationDimensions 157 10.7 DimensioningProcess 158 Unit11 Tolerances 161 11.1 QualityControl& Tolerances 161 11.2 FitsbetweenMatingParts 163 11.3 Hole-basisSystem &Shaft-basisSystem 164 11.4 SelectiveAssembly 165 11.5 SpecifyingTolerances 165 11.6 ANSISystemofToleranceandFits 173 11.7 ToleranceStacking 174 11.8 PreferredFits 175 Unit12 GeometricTolerances&SurfaceRoughness 177 12.1 SymbolsforTolerancesofFormandLocation 177 12.2 ApplyingToleranceFramestoTolerancedFeatures 180 12.3 DatumFeatures 181 12.4 AdditionalSymbols 182 12.5 UsingGeometricDimensioningandTolerancing 183 12.6 SurfaceFinish&FinishMarks 184 12.7 GraphicalSymbolsofSurfaceTexture 185 12.8 SurfaceTextureParameters&ComplementaryRequirements 186 12.9 AnnotationofSurfaceTextureRequirements 188 Unit13 ThreadFasteners 191 13.1 ScrewThreadTerms 191 13.2 ConventionalRepresentationsAssociatedwithThreads 197 13.3 ThreadNotes 200 13.4 Bolts,StudsandScrews 202 13.5 Bolts,NutsandWashersonDrawings 203 13.6 CapScrewsonDrawings 208 13.7 Studs,SpringLockWashersandNutsonDrawings 211 Unit14 Keys,Pins,Bearings,Gears,Springs 213 14.1 Keys 213 14.2 Pins 215 14.3 RollingBearings 217 14.4 Gears 222 14.5 Springs 228 Unit15 AssemblyDrawings 232 15.1 Typeofassemblydrawings 232 15.2 GeneralAssemblyDrawings 234 15.3 Views,SectionsandAuxiliaries 236 15.4 DimensionsonAssemblyDrawings 238 15.5 Identification&PartsList 240 15.6 OtherAssemblyDrawings 241 Appendix 243 Reference 257