讲坛耕耘四十载,精髓浓缩十余回。读者手中的这本《人类学》经典双语教材由北美**人类学家科塔克教授编撰完成。它不仅是作者近四十年学术累积的硕果,更是在不断的版本更新中获得化蛹为蝶的力量,堪称北美人类文化素来以语言为其重要载体,来的思维转换与意义提升是我们多年来不断追寻的目标,这里我们依然希望读者能够在这本融知识、信息及语言魅力于一体的典范教材中获得思想的进一步提升。请在跨语境的阅读中跟随我们共享人类的文化之旅!

Neandertals were first discovered in Western Europe. The first one was found in 1856 in a Ger- man valley called Neander Valley--tal is the Ger- man word "for a valley. Scientists had trouble interpreting the discovery. It was clearly human and similar to modern Europeans in many ways, yet different enough to be considered strange and abnormal. This was, after all, 35 years before Dubois discovered the first H. erectus fossils inJava and almost 70 years before the first australo-pithecine was found in South Africa. Darwin'sOn the Origin of Species, published in 1859, hadnot yet appeared to offer a theory of evolutionthrough natural selection. There was no frame-work for understanding human evolution. Overtime, the fossil record filled in, along with evolu-tionary theory. There have been numerous subse-quent discoveries of Neandertals in Europe andthe Middle East and of archaic human fossilswith similar features in Africa and Asia. The sim-ilarities and differences between Neandertalsand other relatively recent hominins have becomeclearer. Fossils that are not Neandertals but that havesimilar features (such as large faces and browridges) have been found in Africa and Asia. TheKabwe skull from Zambia (130,000 B.P.), shownin the photo below, is an archaic H. sapiens with aNeandertal-like brow ridge. Archaic Chinesefossils with Neandertal-like features have beenfound at Maba and Dali. Neandertals have beenfound in Central Europe and the Middle East. Forexample, Neandertal fossils found at the Shanidarcave in northern Iraq date to around 60,000 B.P., asdoes a Neandertal skeleton found at Israel'sKebara cave (Shreeve 1992). At the Israeli site ofTabun on Mount Carmel, a Neandertal femaleskeleton was excavated in 1932. She was a contem-porary of the Shanidar Neandertals, and her browridges, face, and teeth show typical Neandertalrobustness.By 75,000 B.P., after an interglacial interlude, West-ern Europe's hominins (Neandertals, by then)again faced extreme cold as t
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**部分人类学的领域
第l章 什么是人类学?
第2章 应用人类学

第二部分体质人类学与考古学
第3章 伦��规范与研究方法
第4章 进化与遗传学
第5章 人类的变化及适应
第6章 灵长类动物
第7章 灵长类动物的进化
第8章 早期人猿
第9章 人属
第10章 早期的农人
第11章 早期的城市与**

第三部分文化多样性
第12章 文化人类学研究方法
第13章 文化
第14章 族性与种族
第15章 语言与交际
第16章 生活方式
第17章 政治系统
第18章 家庭、亲属制度与继嗣
第19章 婚姻
第20章 性别
第2l章 宗教
第22章 艺术

第四部分变化中的世界
第23章 现代世界体系
第24章 殖民主义与发展
第25章 文化变革与生存
附录l:人类学理论史
附录2:伦理规范与人类学
……